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Compare Niue (2001) - Arctic Ocean (2004)

Compare Niue (2001) z Arctic Ocean (2004)

 Niue (2001)Arctic Ocean (2004)
 NiueArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages each with its own village council whose members are elected and serve three-year terms -
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle -
Airports 1 (2000 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
260 sq km

land:
260 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to 2,100 in 2000) with substantial emigration to New Zealand. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population -
Budget revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA		 -
Capital Alofi -
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 64 km 45,389 km
Constitution 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Niue

former:
Savage Island		 -
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $8.3 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 2.8 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 3 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) -
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997), 1.4543 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)

head of government:
Premier Sani LAKATANI (since 1 April 1999)

cabinet:
Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results:
Sani LAKATANI elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA%		 -
Exports $117,500 (f.o.b., 1989) -
Exports - commodities canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts -
Exports - partners NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross -
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.5 million (1997 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,800 (1997 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 19 02 S, 169 52 W 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note one of world's largest coral islands major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Highways total:
234 km

paved:
86 km

unpaved:
148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989) -
Imports - commodities food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs -
Imports - partners NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Samoa, Australia, US -
Independence on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, handicrafts, food processing -
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (1995) -
International organization participation ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue -
Labor force 450 (1992 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
4%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
50% (1993 est.)		 -
Languages Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English -
Legal system English common law -
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)

elections:
last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years		 -
Literacy definition:
NA

total population:
95%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%		 -
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Oceania Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 -
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand -
Military branches Police Force -
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) -
Nationality noun:
Niuean(s)

adjective:
Niuean		 -
Natural hazards typhoons ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources fish, arable land sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -
Political parties and leaders Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Sani LAKATANI] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 2,124 (July 2001 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.5% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 1,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
primitive system

domestic:
single-line telephone system connects all villages on island

international:
NA		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 376 (1991) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1991) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) -
Terrain steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none -
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